FAQ Page
Extreme Cold Weather FAQ: Frostbite, Wind Chill, and Hypothermia
Frequently asked questions about surviving Canada's sub-zero winter temperatures safely.
Last Updated
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Written by WeatherCA Staff
What is Wind Chill?
Wind chill is an index that estimates the cooling effect of wind on human skin. It is not an actual temperature, but rather a warning index. For example, a temperature of -10°C with a 30 km/h wind feels like -18°C on exposed skin.
How fast can Frostbite occur?
Frostbite is the freezing of skin tissue. The time to frostbite depends heavily on the wind chill value:
- Wind Chill -28 to -39: Exposed skin can freeze in 10 to 30 minutes.
- Wind Chill -40 to -47: Exposed skin can freeze in 5 to 10 minutes.
- Wind Chill -48+: Exposed skin can freeze in less than 2 minutes.
What are the signs of Hypothermia?
Hypothermia is a medical emergency that occurs when your body temperature drops below 35°C. Warning signs include shivering, slurred speech, confusion, weak pulse, and drowsiness. Seek immediate shelter and call 911.
